What other things dissolve in water?

Many things dissolve in water, and the extent to which they dissolve depends on their chemical properties. Ακολουθεί μια κατανομή των κοινών τύπων:

Soluble Compounds:

* άλατα: Most salts, like table salt (NaCl), dissolve readily in water.

* σάκχαρα: Simple sugars like glucose and fructose dissolve easily.

* οξέα: Many acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), are very soluble in water.

* βάσεις: Many bases, like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), are also highly soluble.

* αιθανόλη: Alcohol, like ethanol, is miscible with water, meaning they can mix in any proportion.

Παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τη διαλυτότητα:

* πολικότητα: Water is a polar molecule (one end is slightly positive, the other slightly negative). Substances with similar polarity to water, like salts and sugars, dissolve well. Nonpolar substances, like oils, do not.

* Θερμοκρασία: Generally, increasing temperature increases solubility for most solids.

* Πίεση: Pressure has a significant impact on the solubility of gases in liquids. Higher pressure increases solubility.

Examples of Common Substances that Dissolve in Water:

* αλάτι (NaCl)

* ζάχαρη (c₁₂h₂₂o₁₁)

* Ξύδι (οξικό οξύ)

* σόδα ψησίματος (διττανθρακικό νάτριο)

* Soap

* Detergent

* Coffee

* Tea

* Juice

* Many medications

Things that do NOT dissolve in water:

* Oils and fats (nonpolar)

* άμμος

* Πλαστικό

* Wood

Θυμηθείτε: Dissolution is a complex process influenced by many factors. Some substances dissolve only partially, forming solutions with a limit to how much solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.